Is Equal Opportunity Really Equal :: essays papers

Is Equal Opportunity Really Equal Is equal opportunity really equal? The civil rights act of 1964 should be revised in order to fit into our society today. I became interested in the topic quite some time ago while working for my stepfather’s small business in California. The rights protected by this act seem outdated. They include a person’s freedom to seek employment wherever they wish, and use of hotels, parks, restaurants and other public places. The act also established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission where anyone with a discrimination complaint can go to the commissioner and the EEOC will take the issue to court. This was established for common individuals with lack of support or lack of income, which was an important civil right at the time. It is also illegal to refuse referral to another company due to race, sex or religion. The law forbids discrimination by any program that receives money from the federal government. The government may cut off financing for a program that does not end discriminatory practices or po licies. Who was involved in instituting this act? The president at the time, John F. Kennedy, would work with Martin Luther King Jr. as well as other leaders in the African American community to bring this issue to the Senate in 1963. A year later after John F. Kennedy’s assassination, President Lyndon B. Johnson continued to support it. The law was passed after a 75-day filibuster-one of the longest in Senate history. Out of this civil rights act came the phrase equal opportunity employment. In the publics eye this means equal consideration for employment regardless of an individuals race, color, religion, sex or national origin. These are the guidelines set up by the government for all businesses to follow. If that is true, then why is it that businesses are using the phrase equal opportunity employer as a tool in advertising to potential employees? I can recall a time when my stepfather, Alex Gabrera, placed an ad for another outside salesperson to add to his team of three. The ad did not have much of a description of what the job initialed but in the lower right hand corner in bold was EOE. When I asked why that was so prominent the only reason Alex could come up with was that he needed the best man for the job. Just by putting three little letters in the corner of his ad, he gave over a million readers the impression that he was a fair, impartial man whom will give each and everyone a chance to go to work for him.

Neorealist and Neo-Marxist Approaches to Globalization Essay

Neo-realism According to Jackson and Sorensen (2003), the leading contemporary neorealist thinker is undoubtedly Kenneth Waltz (1979). His starting point is taken from some elements of classical and neoclassical, such as independent state existing and performing in an anarchical international system. Waltz’s Theory of international Politics (1979) seeks to provide a scientific explanation of the international political system. A scientific theory of international relations leads us to expect the certain pattern that states to behave in predictable ways. In Waltz’s view the best IR theory is a neo-realist systems theory that focuses centrally on the structure of the system, on its interacting units, and on the continuities and changes of the system. In classical realism, state leaders and their subjective valuation of international relations are the center factor of valuation. In neorealism, however, the structure of the system, in particular the relative distribution of power, is t he central analytical focus. Actors are less important because structures oblige them to behave in certain ways. Structures more or less determine actions. Chris Brown (2001) in his book ‘Understanding International Relations’ states that once we concentrate on the system we can see, he suggests, that there are only two kinds of accessible system – a hierarchical or an anarchical system. The distinction between hierarchy and anarchy is crucial to Waltz; the present system, he claims, is obviously anarchical, and has been since its late medieval origins (Brown, 2001). In hierarchical system, different kinds of units are organized and adjusted under an absolute layer of authority. Meanwhile, in an anarchical system, units which are the same in nature, even though they differ severally in capabilities, operate relations with one another. States, to some extent, are alike in all basic functional respects. In spite of the difference in cultures or personnel or ideologies or constitution, they all perform the same basic tasks. All states have to collect taxes, conduct foreign policy, and so on. States significantly differ only in regard to their greatly varying capabilities. (Jackson and Sorensen, 2003) In their book ‘World politics in the 21st Century’, Duncan, Jancar-Webster and Switky (2006) stated that Waltz agrees that people by nature are self-fish and that they are driven by a hunger for power. But Waltz no longer considers power an end in itself. States, in his view, hunt power for the sake of survival. For Waltz, the single most important property of the international system is the unavailability of central governing institutions. Overall, neo-realists agree with the 3 following points stated. First, states stay the primary actors on the world stage. The main target of all states, however, is not power but survival in a ‘dog-eat-dog’ environment. Second, the primary difference between states is not different goals but their own particular capabilities to influence the course of international events. The last thing to note is neo-realists believe that the unequal distribution of capabilities characterizes the structure of the international system and shapes the ways states interact with one another. As stated above, Waltz takes classical and neoclassical realism as a starting point and develops some of its core ideas and assumptions. For example, he employs the concept of international anarchy and focuses absolutely on states. He also concentrates on the core feature of anarchical systems of state: power politics. He assumes that the key and necessary concern of states is security and survival. He also believes that the major problem of great-power conflict is war, and that the major task of international relations among the great powers is that of peace and security. In addition, with Waltz’s neorealist theory, decentralization of anarchical structure between states is the elemental characteristic of international relations. International change takes place when great powers rise and fall and followed by the shift in the balance of power (Jackson and Sorensen, 2003). The international system is a self-help system; states are obliged to look after themselves, because there is no one else to look after them. Waltz does not assume that states are pursuing the increase in their power and the importance of them between others states, necessarily aggressive body, but he does believe that they desire to preserve themselves. This means that they are obliged to be considered with their security, national defence and obliged to regard other states as potential threats (Brown, 2001). Waltz believes that bipolar systems provide more stability and thus provide a better guarantee of security and peace than multipolar systems. ‘With only two great powers, both can be expected to behave in a way to prolong the system’ (Waltz, 1979). That is because in maintaining the system they are maintaining themselves. According to that view, the Cold War was a period of international stability and peace. (Jackson and Sorensen, 2003) Neo-Marxism The writings of Karl Marx (1818-83), according to Mingst (1999), are fundamental to the Marxist school of thought, even though he did not directly state all the issues that are today encompassed by Marxism. The theory of Marx on the evolution of capitalism based on economic change and class conflict: the capitalism of nineteenth century Europe emerged out of the earlier feudal system. In capitalism, private interests control the labor forces and market exchanges, creating enslavement from which certain classes try to free themselves. A clash inevitably will rise between the controlling, capitalist bourgeois class and the controlled workers, called the proletariat. It is from this violent conflict that a new socialist order is born. Contemporary interpretations origin with the works of Marx, but they have developed ideas in quite different directions. Sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein (1930- ), for one, associates history and the rise of capitalism, in what is known as the world-capita list system perspective. Mingst (1999), claimed that at each stage of the historical progression, Wallerstein determines core geographic areas where developments is most advanced, the agriculture sector being able to support enough sustenance for the industrial workers. He identifies peripheral areas as well, where raw materials are extracted for the developed core and where unskilled labour is mired and suffer in less-productive activities. Thus, for Wallerstein and his enthusiasms, as for most Marxists, attention is embedded on the changes in the spreading phenomenon system of capitalism. No political configuration can be explained without reference to the elemental structure of capitalism: â€Å"if there is one thing which differentiates a world-system perspective from any other, it is its insistence that the unit of analysis is a world-system defined in terms of economic progressions and associations. Mingst (1999) also claims that another group of Marxists scholar assumes the primacy of economics for e xplaining almost all other phenomena. This clearly distinguishes Marxism from either realism or liberalism. For liberals, economic interdependence is one possible clarification for international cooperation, but only one among any other features. For realists and neo-realists, economics factors are one of the elements of power, one component of the international structure. In neither theory, though, is economics the determining factor. In Marxism, on the other hand, economic factors are believed to be primary importance. Antonio Gramsci (1891 – 1937) was a Sardinian and one of the founding members of the Italian Communist Party. Gramsci’s work has become particularly influential in the study of International Political Economy. Hobden and Jones (2008) have been discussed Gramsci’s legacy, and the work of Robert W. Cox, a contemporary theorist who has been influencing in introducing Gramsci’s work to an International Relations audience. Gramsci’s theory revolves around his use of the concept of hegemony. Neo-Gramscian international political economy presents the most prevailing Marxist theory in the contemporary international relations discourse. On Gramsci’s readings, consent is created and re-created by the hegemony of the ruling class in society. It is this hegemony that allows the noble, political and cultural values of the dominant group to become widely spread throughout society and to be accepted by subordinate groups and classes as their own. The concept of hegemony composes the central analytical category to understand history of world orders with a view to construct counter-hegemonic prescriptions against them. In contrast to realism, which introduce the definition of international hegemony based on the concentration of material power in one dominant state, neo-Gramscians claim that liberal international hegemonies are based on the universalization of particular state-society complexes, maint ained primarily by consensus establishment between hegemonic and hegemonized states, rather than on crude power politics alone (Reus-Smit and Snidal, 2010). Neo-Gramscian thought entered international relations primarily through the work of Robert Cox, who acquired categories of analysis from Gramsci’s writings and applied them to international relations. Hegemonic power is conceptualized as a ‘mutually irreducible configuration’ between different schools of thought, beliefs, institutions, and material capacities that are widely agreed as legitimate. Social forces, states and world orders are inter-connected as dialectical wholes, bound together in world hegemonies. (Reus-Smit and Snidal, 2010). The person who has done the most to introduce Gramsci to the study of world politics is the Canadian scholar Robert X. Cox. (Hobden and Jones, 2008). He has developed a Gramscian access that involves both a critique of prevailing theories of International Relations and International Political Economy, and the development of an alternative scheme for the analysis of world politics. Cox draws upon Gramsci’s notion of hegemony and transposes it to the international dimension, arguing that hegemony is as important for maintaining stability and continuity here as it is at domestic level. According to Cox, successive dominant powers in the international system fulfill their interests by shaping a world order that suits them, and have done so not only as a result of their forceful capabilities, but also because they have managed to introduce broad consent for that order even among those who are disadvantaged by it (Hobden and Jones, 2008). The neo-neo beliefs on globalisation According to Marxist theorists, the globe has long been dominated by the single integrated economic and political substances – a global capitalist system – which has constantly incorporated all of humanity within its grasps. Within this system, all components have always been interdependent and interrelated. The increasing of multinational corporations surely does not signify any noticeable change in the structure of the modern capitalist system. Rather, they establish part of a long-term pattern towards the further integration of the global economy. The understanding offered by the Marxist theorists suggests that there isn’t anything natural or inevitable about a world order based on a global market. Rather than accepting the inevitability of the present order, the task facing us is to lay the constructions for a new way of organizing society – ‘a global society which is more just and more human than our own’. (Hobden and Jones, 2008) Most neo-realists believe that globalization has not changed the game of international politics much at all. States might require more expertise and resources to maintain their sovereignty, but neo-realists think most evidence suggests that states are increasing their spending over a wide variety of areas. Waltz (2000) recognizes that state remains the primary force in international relations and has spread its power to efficiently manage the processes of globalization. What neo-realists are most concerned with is the new security challenges demonstrated by globalization. Neo-realists are considering the uneven nature of economic globalization. Inequality in the international system may be the most significant security threat in the future. People without food are desperate to seek change, and often that will be a violent change. Economic globalization can also emphasize existing differences in societies, creating instability in strategic areas, thereby challenging world order. Another group of neo-realists would react that forces of globalization might challenge sovereignty. Nonetheless, states have not lost their authority and control. Yet, globalization has had a significant influence on domestic politics and the present power structures. (Lamy, 2008) References Brown, C. (2001) Understanding International Relations. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Duncan, W. R., Jancar-Webster, B. and Switky, B. (2006) World Politics in the 21st Century. London: Pearson Longman Hobden, S. and Jones, R. W. (2008) ‘Marxist theories of international relations’ in J. Baylis, S. Smith and P. Owens, The globalization of world politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 144-57. Jackson, R. and Sorensen, G. (2003) Introduction to International Relations: Theories and Approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lamy, S. L. (2008) ‘Contemporary mainstream approaches: neo-realism and neo-liberalism’ in J. Baylis, S. Smith and P. Owens, The globalization of world politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 126-37. Mingst, K. (1999) Essentials of International Relations. London: Norton & Company Ltd. Reus-Smit, C. and Snidal, D. (2010) The Oxford Handbook of International relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Waltz, K. N. (1979) The ory of International Politics. London: McGraw-Hill. Waltz, K. N. (2000) ‘Globalization and American Power’, The National Interest, 59 (Spring): 46-56.

Effects Of Dementia On The Risk Of Dementia - 2875 Words

No one wants to lose their mind. But the reality is that the risk of dementia doubles every five years after the age of sixty-five. Is there anything that can be done to prevent this age-related loss of brain function? Are There Ways to Reduce Dementia Through Lifestyle Changes? European researchers analyzed 1,433 people over the age of 65 to determine what lifestyle factors would reduce the risk of dementia the most. After getting a complete medical history on the participants, they tested their cognitive function at intervals over a seven year period. What did they find? According to this research, the two best ways to reduce the risk of dementia is to eliminate diabetes and depression - both of which are dementia risk factors. If both of these factors were eliminated and more people were encouraged to eat fruits and vegetables, the number of new cases of dementia would drop by 21%. There s some controversy as to whether depression actually increases the risk of dementia - or whether it s simply an early sign of the disease. This study suggests that depression probably does increase the risk of the disease - and isn t just a symptom. It s not surprising that diabetes is a risk factor since it s associated with insulin resistance. Some studies show insulin resistance increases the risk of dementia. Another way to reduce dementia risk is to encourage people to be literate and educated. This study showed that the number of new cases of dementia would drop by 18% ifShow MoreRelatedA Look At Non Alzheimer s Disease1684 Words   |  7 PagesA Look At Non-Alzheimer’s Disease Dementias By Katie Bergstrom, PA-S ABSTRACT: The most common tendency in assessing patients who display signs of dementia is to evaluate them for Alzheimer’s Disease. This means that Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, and Parkinson’s Disease Dementia are conversely overlooked as possible diagnoses. Special attention to clinical presentation and the use of diagnostic tests (such as the MRI) and assessment scales (like the Mini Mental State Exam) aid inRead MoreDiabetes And Dementia. Justice Nathan. Animal Physiology1569 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes and Dementia Justice Nathan Animal Physiology Lab Dr. Ritchie May 2, 2017 As the population continues to age, different risk factors also increase. There are so many diseases that are becoming a major threat to public health worldwide. The rate of all the different risk factors continue to increase, and with those to continued increases it will push other risk factors to increase. 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It is described as a syndrome that hinders the daily lives of those who have it and is characterized by memory and thinking impairment. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s Disease and the second most common is vascular dementia. Dementia is a syndrome occurring usually, but not limited, to people over the age of 40 and is due to brain damage caused by natural deterioratingRead MoreDementia And Its Effect On The Function Of The Brain1399 Words   |  6 PagesDementia is a term used to describe the symptoms of a number of illnesses which effect the function of the brain. It is an umbrella term describing the progressive decline in a person’s cognitive ability. The type and severity of symptoms varies with each type of dementia and is usually has a gradual on set, is progressive and irreversible. 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Since dementia often progresses slowly, to diagnose the diseaseRead MoreTechnological Approaches For Dementia Patients845 Words   |  4 PagesTechnological Approaches to Care of Dementia Patients Dementia describes a decline in mental ability. Alzheimer disease, which damages brain cells, is the major cause of dementia. It is estimated that around 850,000 people in UK developed dementia in 2015. The risks of developing dementia will increase by the comprehensive contributions of aging, risk genes, and unhealthy lifestyles. However, the medical treatments fails to cure dementia effectively for the mechanics of how dementia is developed is too complicatedRead MoreParkinson’s Associated Dementia665 Words   |  3 Pagescomponent shared by both Parkinson’s disease and dementia is the functioning of neurons, with a then understandable association. Dementia is caused by neuron demise or diminished capacity of communication with other cells, while Parkinson’s disease, neurons in the basal ganglia experience deterioration that disrupts the normal neurotransmitter dopamine balance where neurons waste and die. With this shared neuron deterioration, the prevalence of dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease is clearly

Demo Speech on Wrapping a Gift - 754 Words

Sarah Del Rio Speech 100 Demonstrative Speech General Purpose: To demonstrate Specific Purpose: To demonstrate to my audience how to wrap a present. Central Idea: To demonstrate to my audience how to make wrap a present by first discussing how to choose the appropriate gift wrapping paper for your event, second, by talking about the supplies that will be needed, third, I will explain step by step how to wrap the present, finally, I will tell you about the finishing touches you can add to your gift. INTRODUCTION: I. Hello my name is Sarah Del Rio and today I will be demonstrating for you how to wrap a present. I have selected this topic to show you today because it is something simple thing that everyone will need use at†¦show more content†¦The first step is to get the appropriate wrapping paper. B. The second step is to gather all the supplies. C. The third is to follow the instruction in wrapping the present. D. The fourth step is to add the finishing touches. II. If you didn’t have this skill down before now you do and I hope it comes in handy, which I’m sure it will for all ofShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech1641 Words   |  7 PagesPublic Speaking 14 November 2010 Persuasive Speech Reduce Landfill Waste by Reduce, Reuse and Recycling and the financial benefits I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Over half of the waste that ends up in the landfill does not belong there because it could have been recycled or reused. B. Credibility Statement: Not only do I religiously practice reducing, reusing, and recycling, but I have done a great deal of research for this speech, also research for a recycling project in myRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesexperience and/or information to determine the project duration and total cost. These estimates are sometimes made by top managers who have very little knowledge of the processes used to complete the project. For example, a mayor of a major city making a speech noted that a new law building would be constructed at a cost of $23 million and would be ready for occupancy in two and one-half years. Although the mayor probably asked for an estimate from someone, the estimate could have come from a luncheon meetingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmake the same decision?† 2. Recognize that failure is not always bad. Most of us would agree that we have learned more in life from our mistakes than from our successes. So, we need to realize that while we don’t want to fail, it does have a hidden gift if we’re willing to receive—a chance to learn something important. Eli Lilly holds â€Å"failure parties† to honor drug trials and experiments that fail to achieve the desired results. The rationale for these parties is to recognize that when little is

Emily Dickinson s Poems Are About Death - 1239 Words

It’s no secret that many of Emily Dickinson’s poems are about death and this poem is no exception. Many scholars believe that Emily Dickinson actually dealt with lots of emotional and mental issues such as agoraphobia, anxiety, and depression. Because I could not stop for Death is all about a woman’s journey to death. Emily Dickinson was a very figurative, but at the same time very literal, poet. She often used symbolism, personification, repetition, and alliteration. For example, in Because I could not stop for Death she uses the carriage to symbolize the final passage to death. This is clearly illustrated by the fact that death is riding in the carriage with the speaker. She also uses symbolism when she talks about the sunset, the house, and her gown and tippet(shawl). She uses the sunset to symbolize how she is going to die and the night is going to begin and the house symbolizes a grave, as previously mentioned. Finally, her delicate gown and tippet symboliz e how fragile she is and how at the same time she can be accepting of her death but still not fully prepared. Symbolism is commonly used by many poets to make the reader think about the poem and what it means. In addition to symbolism, personification is used when Emily Dickinson describes Death. She refers to him as an actual person when death is an idea. She uses this personification to make Death seem more real. Not that Death isn’t real, but to some people Death seems surreal and scary. This poem makes DeathShow MoreRelatedEmily Dickinson s I Taste A Liquor Never Brewed 1237 Words   |  5 PagesDraft: Emily Dickinson Emily Dickinson s works made her a woman ahead of her time, through her unwillingness to conform to the norms of society. Emily Dickinson was a poet from the 1850s. Many people tried to urge Dickinson to publish, but she then had to start worrying about her punctuation in her works. 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In the 1800s, a certain type of behavior was expected from people, especially from women. Women cooked, cleaned, and nurtured their families, while under the control of men. It was not looked upon well when women strayed from this status quo. Emily Dickinson did, and this poem demonstrates this rebellionRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Death Of Life873 Words   |  4 Pagesprovoking poems on a wide range of topics: from self reliance to the turmoils of war, Emily Dickinson remains a pillar of talent and inspiration to this day. While most, if not all, poets reveal elements of themselves within their works Dickinson seems to lay herself bare before her readers; leaving very little left to the imagination. Dickinson achieves this by combining symbolism, allegory and often nimble punctuation within her stanzas. One of the poets most discussed themes seems to be death. From

Metro Areas of the FBI free essay sample

Metropolitan Areas of the Bis Uniform Crime Report Nathan Day University of Phoenix Abstract This paper explores the differences between two metropolitan areas from the Federal Bureau of Investigations Uniform Crime Reports of 2010-2012. You will read about the rates of crime for each area, which area had the most reported Incidents, and did the rates change over time in either area. Also, this paper will explain what factors might explain the difference in the rates for these metropolitan areas and touch bases on what exactly is a Uniform Crime Report.Followed by my conclusion and true study along with references I used at the end. The Bis Uniform Crime Report is an official source of crime information published annually by the FBI. The FBI accepts information from reporting law enforcement agencies about criminal arrests and classifies crime according to various index criteria by state or metropolitan areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Metro Areas of the FBI or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two metropolitan areas I chose are Gainesville, Georgia, which includes Hall County and Akron, Ohio, which includes Portage and Summit counties. The index crime or offense I will talk about is motor vehicle crime.The City of Gainesville, Georgia in 2010 had a population of 35,657 people. The total reporting was 100 percent. The rat per 100,000 people for motor vehicle crime was 162. 1 in 2010. In the year of 2011, the population grows dramatically to 182,050 people. The total reporting stayed at 100 percent, but the rate per 100,000 people for motor vehicle crime decreased. The rate per 100,000 people in 2011 was 161. 5. The city of Gainesville, Ga had more reporting incidents than Akron, Ohio. The city of Akron, Ohio along with Portage and Summit counties had a population of 205,760 in 2010. The total reporting was 94. Percent with an estimated of 100 percent. The motor vehicle rate per 100,000 people in 2010 was 163. 3, which is higher than Gainesville, Georgia in both years of 2010-2011. In 2011, the population also increased for Akron, Ohio to 703,715. The total reporting rate decreased to 91. 6 percent with an estimation of 100, which is lower than their total reporting in 2010, which may be due to the population increase. The motor vehicle crime also increased to 179. 3 per 100,000 people for Akron, Ohio, which is a big step from the rate reported in 2010. The rates changed over time for both Gainesville, Georgia and Akron, Ohio.The population increased in both areas, but crime seemed to decrease in Gainesville while crime increased for Akron. Most of the crimes committed in Gainesville were done by mostly Juvenile offenders. In Akron, both adults and juveniles are high in committing crime. I read in an article, Wisest Police News 2011, that crime was increasing in Akron, Ohio because the police department were on a very tight budget and sometimes did not have enough officers on the force. Also, that crimes was being solved after they were committed (reactionary force), but things begin to look up in 2012.The Preliminary Report of the I-JAR for 2012, which will be released in full later this year, states that not only did crime decrease for Akron, Ohio and continues to decrease for Gainesville, Georgia, but that crime is decreasing all across the United States. Three main factors I can think of that attributes to the decrease in crime are incarceration, policing, and government assistance. More and more criminals are going to Jail for their crimes and getting less lighter sentencing, so they are off the streets. Law enforcement agencies are expanding their forces and utilizing technology making it more difficult for criminals o commit crime.Government assistance plays a part because the more help people receive the less they are likely to commit crimes that are stress or financially motivated. My conclusion is that crime is decreasing because there is more assistance from the government. For example, unemployment benefits, food stamps, and healthcare Just to name a few. The less stressed people are the more crime will decrease. Also, keeping criminals incarcerated that way they cannot become repeat offenders. Gainesville, Georgia along with Hall County seems to be on the right path since crime continues to decrease over the years for them.Akron, Ohio along with Portage and Summit counties had an increase in crime from()-2011, but a decrease in 2012. If they want to continue to have a decrease in crime, their police force should become proactive, which means police are preventing crime before it happens and also educating the citizens about the government assistance out that is out there. For example, getting bus assistance. This can help them out, so cars will less likely be stolen because people will be able to get around more. They also have programs to where theres a pick-up service for doctors appointments, school, etc.

The Hobbit - Summary Essays - The Hobbit, New Zealand Films

The Hobbit - Summary This is a story about a Hobbit whose name is Bilbo Baggins. One morning thirteen Dwarfs and Gandalf The Wandering Wizard appeared at Bilbo's door. The Dwarfs wanted Bilbo to help them conquer a dragon named Smaug, who had taken over their land. When Bilbo woke up the next morning, they started out on a journey towards Lonely Mountain. Then, a thunder storm came upon them and they found a dry cave and slept there for the night. Bilbo was awakened by a scraping sound, then he saw the stone wall open. The group was captured by Goblins. They found themselves in a large cavern in the mountain. The Goblin scowled at them. Then Thorin stepped forward and explained to him that they did not mean to trespass. Gandolf appeared at the door and freed the group from the goblins. The group ran ahead and Bilbo was lost behind them. Bilbo found an underwater lake and a ring on an island in the lake. He found out that the ring made him invisible. In the lake also lived a creature named Gollum. Gollum was a creature that ate other people. Gollum approached Bilbo and Bilbo told him he desired to find a way out. They then played a riddle game and if Bilbo won, he lived and if he lost, he would die. Bilbo won the riddle game but Gollum still wanted to eat him, But then Bilbo accidentally slipped the ring on his finger and became invisible, so he escaped. He met with the group again and walked with them for a few days. Gandolf left the group a few days later. The ring Bilbo had helped the group through two more circumstances along the journey. The group made it to the base of Lonely Mountain. They then climbed the mountain and found a secret entrance to the inside, where Smaug was. Thorin and the Dwarfs stayed outside. Bilbo went down a hallway and came upon Smaug. He then slipped on the ring he had found earlier and became invisible. Smaug awoke when Bilbo tried to steal a gold cup. Smaug knew that the Hobbit was there because he heard him. Smaug told Bilbo that nothing could pierce his scales. But when Bilbo searched Smaug's body he found a scale was missing in one spot. So Bilbo grabbed the cup and ran out of the mountain. Smaug followed Bilbo and started burning the city. Meanwhile, Bilbo had told a bird to find a hunter named Bard the Hunter and to tell him that Smaug had a weak spot below the neck. Bard the Hunter came and saw the spot and plunged an arrow into Smaug, Smaug fell down and died.