Effective Editing and Proofreading General Strategies

Effective Editing and Proofreading General Strategies Editing and Proofreading Strategies So, the final version of the paper is written and it seems that the work is done. Is it really? Writing is a complex process that requires specific skills and abilities. It is very difficult to make a good piece of writing on the first try. As a result, even the final version of the paper requires thorough revision. Paper revision process includes two main activities, which are editing and proofreading. Their aim is to find the smallest grammar, punctuation, and spelling mistakes, as well as flaws in grammar structure, style, word choice, etc. The following article will provide you with useful tips on effective editing and proofreading. Editing Editing is a process of tracing and correcting mistakes. For this reason, it is crucial for the writer to know typical mistakes, as well as implement strategies for finding them. Editing tips for writers include: The best way to trace errors is to read the paper aloud. Do not hurry up. Read each sentence slowly and attentively. Correct any mistakes you find. After reading each sentence separately, read the whole paper once more. Concentrate on the parts that seem awkward and correct them. If you have enough time, do not revise your paper at once. Do it the next day after writing. It will help you get a new insight into your writing and improve your paper. One by one! While editing, it is recommended to read only one sentence at a time. It will give you a possibility to evaluate it better and see whether it sounds weird, whether it is what you wanted to say and whether it is relevant to the topic. Typical errors It is not a secret that people tend to make the same mistakes over and over again. If spelling is your weak side, pay more attention to it. If grammar is the problem, concentrate on it. Make a list of common mistakes and address them each time when you are writing a paper. Pay attention to punctuation and grammar rules. It is clear that you will not be able to learn all the grammar and punctuation rules by heart. However, if you do not know the rule, it does not mean you do not have to follow it. If you doubt that you are right in some instances, consult a grammar book! Proofreading Proofreading is the final step on your way to submitting a high-quality paper. Therefore, it is not less important than editing! This activity helps to spot random errors and correct them. Proofreading includes the following steps: Reader, not a writer. Read your paper as if it was written by someone else. Do you find it understandable and logical enough? Step-by-step reading. Read the paper very carefully. Look for typos and other errors. Backwards reading. Start reading information on a page from bottom to the top and from left to right. This strategy helps to identify typographical and spelling errors faster.

The Making of a Memory in January Essay Example

The Making of a Memory in January Essay Example The Making of a Memory in January Essay The Making of a Memory in January Essay As a â€Å"baby boomer†, I have seen and done many things during my 60 years in the world.   I grew up to see technical innovations, the space race, and the transformation of the United States in the 1960’s.   I have traveled all over the country as a child with a father, who was a career military man.   I have even traveled the world during my stint as a Seaman.   I have seen the hard life of the streets and walked the hallowed halls of the university, receiving a Master’s in Criminal Justice, some twenty-plus years ago.   The events of my past tie into the major event I will soon see in my future, President-elect Barack Obama’s Presidential Inauguration.   I must admit that this milestone in our nation’s history brings to me pride, wonder, and nostalgia.   Along with all these emotions, comes what a man like me finds hard to admit, fear.   Barack Obama has been talking about change and I know all about and I have seen change, I hav e embraced it.   I will embrace inauguration day with as much enthusiasm as I can, even though I am still filled will wonder.I must admit that the new transformation of the nation is difficult for me and many like me.   I grew up, as a young boy, to understand that the integrity of a military person was never to be questioned.   It was an inconvenient truth in my twenties, during my own military experience to see the opposite.   Many Vietnam veterans were not received and revered like the military men of my father’s wars.   To me, McCain was the epitome of courage and strength during that misunderstood war in Vietnam and to see the shift away from the honor that men like him deserve brought up many painful memories for me.   I must add too, that I am white.   But, color has never been an issue with me in this situation.   Most of us, who remember the 60’s, have evolved from pointless racism.As a man, though, who has seen the ins and outs of criminal jus tice, it is hard to trust the integrity of an attorney.   Most in the criminal justice field feel similar.   As an older person, as well, it is hard to trust the unfounded optimism of the youth and their vote.   I remember when I was young and saw many activists hitting the streets in protest and to me it was simply chaos.   But, then it was â€Å"word of mouth† grassroots campaigning while now technology has advanced us to internet activism and social networking.   Some have even said the Obama won because of his extensive internet presence.   All of this is a wonder in itself.   I must admit that some of the fear, too, comes from recalling the tragedies of innovative men like Obama.   I vividly recall the assassinations of both Kennedy brothers, Martin Luther King Jr., and Malcolm X.   When I hear reports of dissidents in the U.S., I fear for this man, because I know that this can happen, because it has happened.   I wonder if the youth think about that much.In closing, I would like to say that I was proud of both candidates that ran for President in 2008 and will be proud of Obama, when he takes the honor in 2009.   I feel as if I am passing the torch into a new era, a torch that has been burning now for some years without me even realizing it.   It will take a lot of acceptance and expectations for this new generation, but I am confident that they can handle the charge appointed not just to the President, but to them, as well.   As long as the conception of honor and integrity stay always on the table, I can rest assured that the next four years will be memorable and momentous.

Management of Colleges Athletic Programs Assignment

Management of Colleges Athletic Programs - Assignment Example They must quickly develop time-management skills and often have little down time. Student-athletes also have 'a lifestyle that often involves living in a fishbowl-like atmosphere,'" reports Porter (2008) as the author refers to Ender & Wilkie (2000, p. 125). A problem that many colleges and student-athletes face is one where the athletic program leaders, such as a coach or athletic director, demands that the student skip a class in order to attend practice. However, the class that is in conflict with practice is also required. In other words, the student-athlete finds himself/herself torn between missing a class or missing practice. It is a case of athletics versus academics and it is not one to be taken lightly as the college sports become more popular, more entertaining, more in demand, and more commercialized. There is a negative impact of college sports on higher education. However, this is not new. Splitt (2007) cites the Chicago Tribune: [College football] is not a student's game as it once was. It is a highly organized commercial enterprise. The athletes who take part in it have come up through years of training; they are commanded by professional coaches; little if any initiative of ordinary play is left to the player. The great matches are highly profitable enterprises. Sometimes the profits go to finance college sports, sometimes to pay the cost of the sports amphitheater; in some cases the college authorities take a slice for college buildings. The American culture places sports at its core, especially intercollegiate sports. Splitt (2007) refers to her essay, "Sports America 2005" when she reports that, "It seems that only in sports-obsessed and seemingly complacent America can we find a general public that views sports as super cool while the study of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEMs) are considered to be nerdy, and where athletes have a definite edge when it comes to college admission and retention--often in "diploma-mill-like" alternative education programs with questionable accreditation." The author compares the culture of the United States to that of China. The country focuses on education, particularly engineering education. Large investments are made in order to Last Name 3 build schools and to improve university systems. Learning English is another top priority as the Chinese want to learn the language that is used in global business. American colleges and educational institutions are being sacrificed for the constantly-growing and all-consuming beast called commercialism. "Excessive commercialization has brought academic corruption, financial shenanigans, increasing expenditures on athletics, and money-focused presidents who often view sports programs as an economic necessity and undergraduate education as an expensive nuisance and who have little patience with reform efforts by their faculty," states Splitt (2007). College sports, for many decades now, have been a target for scandals and commercials. Sack (1998, p.B7) in his article, "Big-Time Athletics vs. Academic Values: It's a Rout" refers to his years playing for the University of Notre Dame in the 1960's. Although sports were already being highly commercialized, universities still saw the importance of student-athletes

Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Evaluation - Essay Example In addition to this, programs should be conceptualized and a distillation of what is most significant while eliminating numerous prerequisite and key requirements should be done. In this manner, scholars with financial issues can work off-campus while others can benefit from year or semester-abroad programs. To be more specific, laboratory classes can be improved too, particularly in ENGR 104. It would be useful and interesting to create and evaluate a means of assessing the best way in which the objectives are achieved. According to Lord, 2011, specialists in the assessment sector can cooperate with the faculty members committed to laboratory development to strategize and test assessment methods relative to objectives. In this context, out of the three labs of this semester, the â€Å"the greatest invention† is the one I enjoyed most, while the â€Å"heart rate† is that which I liked the least. This is for the reason that, for the greatest inventions, I could probably reflect on engineering geniuses in laboratories experimenting, connecting, and redesigning devices until perfection, yet these are processes that change everything around us. In future, I would enjoy seeing effectiveness of real laboratory equipment as opposed to simulated ones. It would be more brilliant to see if an engineering student learning online can differentiate between a simulated and a physical

How Height Affects Time Taken for A Falling Object to Reach Ground Level Essay Example for Free

How Height Affects Time Taken for A Falling Object to Reach Ground Level Essay Introduction: In this investigation, how height will affect the time taken for a steel ball bearing to reach the ground will be investigated. It is was Isaac Newton that first discovered gravity and wrote laws defining it. His Second Law of Motion states that the Resultant Force on an object (F) is equal to the Mass of the body (m) times its acceleration (a), or . The weight (W) of a body is the force of gravity acting on it, which gives it acceleration (g) if it is falling freely close to the earths surface. If the body was to have a mass (m) Newtons 2nd Law of Motion could calculate its weight. Given that and Newtons Law becomes . In April of 2003, in a method similar to that, which will be conducted in this investigation, the acceleration of gravity was concluded to be 9.81. Using the knowledge mentioned above, several equation of motion have been created. One particularly relevant to this investigation is . In this equation: S = Distance in meters (In this case height) u = Initial velocity in * t = Time Taken in seconds a = Acceleration in ** * As the ball begins its fall from rest, its initial velocity, u, will be 0 ** As the ball is falling under acceleration due to gravity, = 9.81 Plan: In this investigation, since the means to calculate air resistance and friction are unavailable, they will be ignored. Acceleration due to gravity and the method by which the investigation will be carried out are controlled variables. The height from which the ball is dropped is the independent variable, i.e. the variable that is changed and the dependent variable is the time taken for the ball to reach the ground. It is predicted that as the height from which the ball is dropped decreases, the time taken for the ball to reach the ground will also decrease. An actual set of predicted values can be predicted from the earlier mention Equations of Motion. This line of the equation can be related to the straight-line graph equation , (the gradient) and . When the ball is dropped from 0.00m, it takes 0.00seconds to reach the ground as this will mean that the graph will pass through the origin so . Alternatively: . Using the above equations, the expected results for the investigation are: Height H, (m) Time t, (secs) Time squared t2, (secs2) 1.0 0.452 0.204 0.9 0.428 0.183 0.8 0.404 0.163 0.7 0.378 0.143 0.6 0.350 0.123 0.5 0.319 0.102 0.4 0.288 0.082 0.3 0.247 0.061 0.2 0.202 0.041 0.1 0.143 0.020 0.0 0.000 0.000 This is what the expected graph of Height vs. time should look like: Height (m) Time (secs) The following page shows what the expected graph for Height vs. time2 should look like. It is a straight line passing through the origin, thus proving the prediction . The expected gradient, m, should be equal to 1/2 g, or, 4.905ms-2. It is actually 4.926ms-2, which is only 0.021 ms-2 out or 0.428%. This is probably due to the rounding of decimal places when drawing the graph and human error in plotting the points (i.e. not exactly accurate to 3 decimal places.) Apparatus Diagram: Safety: As there is a very minimal risk in this investigation, no safety measures need to be taken. It is planned to drop the ball from a height of 1m and decrease in intervals of 0.1m. At each height 5 readings will be recorded and then the mean result will be calculated. This makes the results more reliable (and better for use in calculation like working out g or the mass of the steel ball.) The Results will be recorded in a table like this: Height (cm) Time taken for ball to reach ground (seconds) Mean Result Mean Result2 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 00 It is hoped that a graph of height vs. the mean results squared will be produced similar to that on page 4. In the graph, it is hoped to prove that the time-taken-for-a-ball2 to fall is directly proportional to the height it is dropped from, i.e. . Obtaining Evidence: Height (cm) Time taken for ball to reach ground (seconds) Mean Result Mean Result2 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 100 0.456 0.454 0.458 0.454 0.454 0.455 0.207 90 0.432 0.431 0.431 0.432 0.432 0.432 0.186 80 0.406 0.407 0.406 0.407 0.406 0.406 0.165 70 0.380 0.382 0.382 0.383 0.381 0.382 0.146 60 0.353 0.354 0.354 0.354 0.354 0.354 0.125 50 0.323 0.323 0.322 0.322 0.322 0.322 0.104 40 0.289 0.288 0.293 0.289 0.287 0.289 0.084 30 0.252 0.251 0.251 0.250 0.251 0.251 0.063 20 0.208 0.207 0.206 0.206 0.206 0.207 0.043 10 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.151 0.150 0.023 00 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Graphs: In the following pages, the results recorded in the above table will be shown in the form of line graphs. This will make it easier to identify a trend in the results. It is also an appropriate method of recording the information and is useful for quick reference; also if the time for the ball to fall is desired from a height other than the ones specified in the table, the value can be obtained from the graph. Conclusion: The general trends from the graphs show, as predicted; when the height from which the ball was dropped decreased, the time taken for the ball to reach the ground also decreased. In the graph of Height vs. Time2,, it is shown that Height is directly proportional to Time2. The reason for this is derived from one of the Equations of Motion: , from this equation below, it was shown that . The final line of the above equation can be related to the straight-line graph equation . , (the gradient) and . C can be ignored as the line in the graph passes the y-axis at the orgin. Fundamentally: . H = S = The height in meters from which the ball was dropped. = The time in seconds that the ball took to land. a = g = The acceleration due to the gravitational pull of the earth. Note: The factor that affected the acceleration was g, (which, on earth, is ) is the mass of the planet, for Earth this is constant. The results of the investigation are consistent with the prediction. The relationship of was proved in the similarity of the graphs on page 4 8, they had almost the exact same gradient, only 0.072ms-2 in difference (or 1.462%) it was also very similar to the mathematical prediction of the gradient (1/2g) again only 0.051 ms-2 out. Evaluation: In this investigation, all results are held to be very reliable. When the data was being collected, sophisticated technology was used which measured time accurately and reliably to the nearest thousandth of a second. All recorded results were in very close proximity of each other, so that 0.006seconds was the maximum difference observed. There were no anomalies observed. All points on the graph on page 8 are not only close to the line of best fit, they are actually on it. The results in this investigation are believed to be very reliable; as a result no changes need to be made to the procedure.

Problems Facing The Economy in the Greenspan Era :: Economics

The Economy Q: What is wrong with the economy? -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A terrible loss of jobs, over 2 million jobs have been lost. However I would like to state it isn’t just one person’s fault. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The complete and utter desolation of the tech industry†¦ we all know about the dot com bust and how many problems that caused. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also September 11th didn’t help too much. The terrorist’s defiantly achieved their objectives in really messing up our way of life. While the wealthy are becoming richer and the number of millionaires and billionaires is skyrocketing, there is another reality. Since 1973, 80% of all families have seen their incomes decline or remain stagnant. The average American today is working longer hours for less income-and has every reason to worry that the future will be even worse for his or her children. Television news shows may not feature it. Reader's Digest may not discuss it, and the leaders of the Democratic and Republican parties may not make it a priority, but the decline in the standard of living of the average worker is, far and away, the most important and central issue facing this country. The rich are getting richer; the poor are getting poorer; and the middle class is shrinking. This is the great truth of contemporary U.S. society. It may sound dramatic but I believe that the future of the nation depends upon reversing this destructive process. There are a number of reasons why inequality in wealth and income in America has grown over the last 20 years. President Jimmy Carter in 1977 and President Ronald Reagan in 1981 and 1986 instituted "tax reform" with the support and approval of the Democratic Congress. The results were to lower taxes significantly on the wealthy and the large corporations, and raise them for almost everyone else. Taxes on the very wealthy were cut 12.3%; working- and middle-class Americans saw theirs grow. One of the "reforms" was a large increase in the regressive Social Security tax. Q: What steps have been taken to improve the economy?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There have been multiple interest rate cuts by Greenspan and tax cuts brought on by President Bush, which I believe didn’t really do much. Q: What are the solutions? - Raise the minimum wage. The minimum wage, which has lost 26% of its purchasing power over the last 20 years, must be increased. People cannot survive on $5.15 an hour.

Ingersoll Rand (a) Decision Sheet

Ingersoll-Rand (A) Problem Statement To decide the distribution channel to use for the Centac 200, the new 200 hp centrifugal air compressor. Whether the distribution be handled by the direct sales team or use the distributor/air centre channel. Also, the case highlights merits and demerits of each of the channels in detail. Decision Clabough should opt for the direct sales team channel. Rationale for Decision Experience – Historically, the centrifugal air compressors have been handled by the direct sales team only owing to their large hp size and technical expertise required. They have the required experience to sell centrifugals. * Competition – Also, the nearest potential competition to Centac 200 is from the Z series rotary compressor from Atlas-Copco’s which is being sold by distributors. So by opting to sell through the direct sales team, IR can avoid head-on competition and also completely differentiate a rotary from a centrifugal in the market. Expertise – Considering that it is the first medium centrifugal, the direct sales team is better positioned to supply the technical expertise. They have well established service capabilities. If IR chooses the distributor channel, it will have to incur additional costs(and time) on intense distributor training. * Attractiveness – May not be attractive to distributors owing to the very low spare part requirements in centrifugals. Apart from that, IR would not want the attention of distributors to be shifted from the smaller compressors, which form a big share of its total revenues. Recommendation In order to combat the risk of sales reps ignoring the Centac 200, IR may choose to offer higher sales commission to the direct sales team on Centac 200 sales. Also, the â€Å"Full Partner Program† can be extended to centrifugals too where the distributors earn commission on references made to the sale team, thereby also involving the distributors in the process.