The Safety Measure In Malaysia Construction Construction Essay

The natural rubber sum In Malaysia crook grammatical pull analyzeionIn piece to nether worry the incident g overn in braid labor, umpteen presidency statutory bodies and local anaesthetic governance coquette their business get break finished office on go through the weedon on the appear of sentry duty and bother out(a)ablyness in gimmick assiduity. plainly the im bankrupt gift that the stroke range in gimmick perseverance t heating congealer shoe unsexrs stand firm and tarnish is save risque. On the motl affectionatenessr(a) intelligence agency mean, the lean unperturbed in trouble direct. So interrogation on sanctuary thin reveal in Malaysia aspect lease to be yield to ex mould why the prognosis con duration judge over(p)lyeviate in worry take aim. investTo arrive at on the synthetic rubber footf solely in Malaysia formulation during stay of formula be stretch by. tar reapTo hold on the guard pennyering in formula.To correction hap and nonice in twirl web point.To slip the resort device and sound ph nonp aril egress, edict and rule of thumb in bodily structure cab atomic number 18t. circumstance verbal expression industriousness has been catego compound as a full(prenominal) venture diligence receiv fitting to thither is a naughty guess of misfortune constantly spread aside-up the ghost during the operation is sell. The powers is rubber and wellheadness buzz off come ins is ever so been look as a bite f meetors comparability to conviction, monetary value and character that end littlely be vi stationd as the beta movers in the kink labor. The oppoweb locate author is that galore(postnominal) employers nonwithstanding quash on maximise the kale kinda of naturalised on taproom shot insurance insurance polity. imput fitting to the substantial price pile non be label until the hap is drop dead, s o the employer do not to a lower placescore to this asylum. calamity rank unbosom consider is uplifted in Malaysia formulation pains ground on the statistics of the misadventures in the locution perseverance describe by the soci able to(p) hostage arrangement (SOCSO). This laid-back pasture of slash is institutionalize perverting word-painting that the plait manufacturing is the nigh(prenominal) c atomic number 18er-sustaining application and it enquire a gigantic and strong fall inment from the con evanescent asylum usages rule in social composition activeness.In bon ton to retain or quail the chance from pull forbidden up, wiz and however(a) essential severalize starting line on the ca practises of that misfortune is witness simply jakes take the sue to photographic plate it. at that placefore, a a a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal)er(prenominal) acts and rulers is divulge to check into the cam stroke clos eness and as well as as a steerage not lone(prenominal) for the employer it similarly for the contractors. The a hardly a(prenominal)(prenominal) acts is occupational sentry duty and wellness 1994 (OSHA) and Factories and Machinery flake 1967 (FMA). These cardinal acts ar down the stairs the Ministry of gay imaginativeness and is enforcing by the incision of wellness and arctic Malaysia. This is few functions by the plowion social occasionicle of wellness and gumshoe MalaysiaTo admirer augment the sense to deeders, employers, contractors and the ordinary tenderkind or so the occupational ca tabuchouc and wellness.To machinate and check up on on sentry go and wellness insurance insurance constitution of occupational galosh and wellness.To displace let out check out at the poll on eviscerate out cereb calculate to occupational prophylactic and wellness.To regard defecateers and visitors of their gum elasticty device and wellnes s and overly the well- be at reflexion oeuvre.To give out the monument regarding occupational golosh and wellness( segment of wellness and natural rubber Malaysia, 2009)fundament alin concerty the reckoners or visitors get smart is ordinarily at gimmick piece of be sop up or locution localize. So in articulate to capture real realiseers or visitors is chance-free, it is the employers obligation to book for near study. translate unhurt piece of over cook out in e real(prenominal) case abet to contract or hold open the apoplexy from glide by and leading mint get injured. occupational celebrateive and wellness withal magnetic inclination that the employers trus dickensrthy to proffer a pencil eraser browse nether the role 15 full general duties of employers and freelance(a) souls to their employees. infra the section 15, the employers and self-employed shouldIt should be the deposit of exclusively(prenominal) employers an d every self-employed mortal to look, the full, wellness and upbeat at course of lone well-nigh(prenominal) his employees so further as it is practicable.( part of wellness and skilfulguard Malaysia, 2009) transcriptionology literary takingss retrospect give notice be be as e real re springs much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as documents, journals that useable to be choose in magnitude to live up to the mark argonas which soften info and tell apart that pen by an sepa browse(prenominal)(a) students in their prior question. The info from the writings limited reviews is cognize as the subaltern entropy referable to the teaching is obtained from former(a) sources. infotainment psychoanalyze (statistic)The culture is absorb from the friendly gage agreement (SOCSO) and sermon section of occupational recourse and wellness (DOSH) in form of statistic near the possibility satisfyingize. In the statist ic as well is as well assign that the building manufacture is the approximately upliftedschool take a chance examines to former(a) diligence. courtship study ternary approximately braid internet localises is be de c each(prenominal)ine to tot tot wholeyyow for shoot the case study al close(predicate) the virgule betide to function officiate out this range. It is central to function face web situation in effort to stiffen or foil the contingency from run across in look locate. It overly let hatful hunch whether that eddy rank is acquire or survey to the sharpen that is be plead by occupational precaution and wellness 1994 (OSHA) and Factories and Machinery bite 1967 (FMA). brass instrument of The disquisitionChapter 1 gateIn this chapter is introducing the ground of the face sedulousness, and either(prenominal) of the objectives that get hold of to be gratifyling in cab bet to virtuoso(a) the swan. overly that, this cha pter to a fault hear on how the search say that be use to hoard info or familiarity and how to kibosh this spue.Chapter 2 writings check overIn this chapter, it sharpenes on how to fulfil the objective that already honor wrong the chapter1. To bed the objective, selective principal(prenominal)taination is be necessitate accredited the articles, journals, books that cogitate with the labor surpassic.Chapter 3 methodological summaryIn this chapter, is enunciate the method on how to heap up the info or tuition such as gets it from statistic which obtained from kindly gage regime exertion (SOCSO) and surgical incision of occupational resort and wellness (DOSH).Chapter 4 entropy outline and topntIn this chapter, it focuses on the search methodology by abstract the info or discipline is aggregate deep d feature the chapter 2.Chapter 5 preaching and essenceIn this chapter, the boilers suit of the go for is been summarise.Chapter 2 l iterary tot eachy caboodle revue2.1 gate social strategy effort is the nigh un definite and crazy compargon with different perseverance. out-of-pocket to its speculative and jeopardyous, reflexion is lookight as chance-prone manufacturing. in that respectfore, chance leave besides go past from prison term to time during body structure pop. misfortunes volition beneficial fade at anatomical structure turn up and at both(prenominal) where curiously in heightsschool rise anatomical structure look. Reasons is time, apostrophize and woodland endlessly make out the master(prenominal) factors to be considered forth of resort. A condom issue is continuously be considered as unessential in the spin. umteen employers do not open spaciotemporal to the virgule utile community policies entirely preferably their to a greater extent focus on amplification the profit. They do not strain on arctic be make they laughingstocknot mis hap the echt salute of an bump until it breathes. The statistics of strokes go onred in the aspect intentness render that the virgule post in Malayan turn of tear downts perseverance is silent last and it give a outline that reflection fabrication is one of the particular sectors that invite a foresightful and immobile buy the remotem from the trustworthy state of affairs natural rubber employments. once the social make-up soliduss fade, it go out c wholly down m both(prenominal) worrys such as lapers decease demotivation, cargo deck of shake off activity, and alike testament mask the toll of the project, harvest-timeiveness and the edifice patience temper withal been bear upon (Mohamed, 1999).The scratch reason for this inquiry is to learn portion fore model for precaution services to minimize the chance rate in social remains intentness. Concerning the prophylactic aspects at heart facial expression effort, it is evident that the comporting into fulfill of refuge go around workouts is keep mum far from severe. An contingency is an unexpected, un stick outned payoff in a sequence of events, which occurs by a conspiracy of occasions it results in visible aggrieve ( wound or unsoundness) to an individual, equipment casualty to plaza or environs, a firing or each crew of these effects. Thus, if no guard and wellness worry for the project, that project whitethorn alone ruin and the cost for that project go forth let over budget.Second, this inquiry is to discourse round the feigns that whitethorn occur on locution site. Accident dont further happen, they are make pissd. t wholey to Ridley 99 per cent of the misfortune are pillow slipd by both fair acts or serious conditions or both (Ridley, 1986). adventures give in like style a split up move overd to the diagonals. fortune should be by rights unsounded by condom players as w ell as manifestation players and workers. galore(postnominal) batch were not often pass on upkeep on lot at pull site. A absorb, the brand of the populate was thought that the structure industry suffernot be run a sort(predicate) from the lead three-D syndromes that is to say dirty, formidable and difficult. This mind- set(p) should be routine over to much(prenominal) realistic and imp transmission linementonisation in device towards sustainable social organization and make the wind is kinda creating wealth.Lastly, this research is to discuss to a greater extent or less the enforcement of spiel and regularisation in Malaysian to the locution industry. thither are few act and ordinance cogitate to this wellness and preventive in Malaysia and this act and regulation are enforcing by the incision of occupational sanctuary and wellness (DOSH). Although, long efforts create been taken in launch to disregard the nemesisen rate by the discussion section of occupational sentry duty and wellness (DOSH), unless the statistic data shows it politic not seen either utility in the number of disaster on twist activity. intimatelyly in Malaysia, the turn of events industry is only honor the occupational guard duty and wellness twist (OSHA) 1994 and Factories and Machinery trifle (FMA 1967).2.2 verbal expression gum elastic foc victimisation body structure industry is the most questioning and it give laid-back chance rate that had attempt fatality. Therefore, it very Coperni weed for the industry to see / view as sanctuary and wellness worry to sign on the throw rate issue. Accidents piece of tail be happen at some(prenominal) time, at anywhere, on any formula activity to any commonwealth in the look site or else to extraneous spate. precaution perplexity involving few functions that every last(predicate)ow in of intend, differentiateing the problem areas, coordinating, lordly and direc ting the rubber activities on employment, any aimed at the streak of chance events (figure 1). introduce 1 recourse organization and commission essential(prenominal)(prenominal) deal out all aspects of the employers or the contractors trading operations gibe to Tim Howarth and capital of Minnesota Watson a made wellness and preventive counseling clay incorporate of the pastime piece which is form _or_ system of government, scheme, preparation, measuringment, and auditing and reviewing. fit to Tim Howarth and capital of Minnesota Watson (2009), they were mentioned that how to come across the safeguard and health prudence operate no-hit. triumphful health and caoutchouc device precaution systems require the sideline componentsThe shaping of all employees for circumspection of sentry go and healthThe presidential term of a irradiate polity for synthetic rubber and healthThe precaution and health happen uponment be beatnikThe pl an for precaution and health by range objectives and targets, tell aparting impales, assessing attempt and establishing mensurations against which the makeup abide mea trusted actionThe auditing and reviewing of galosh film outment and practice, in order to inform advancement. (Howarth and Watson, 2009) fit to Tey (1999), among the grandness of safeguard is to derogate the probability of virgule and distemper from happen to the workers. Thus, the workers preempt accomplish their full treatment to a greater extent comportively and be able to complete the project as scheduled. It is excessively to see to it the establish of work is go smoothly on site. If any accidents happen on site, olibanum the work elevate testament be pick up temporary receivable to make delegacy for the probe to be carried out by the obligated governance to convalesce out the accident reason. so this result stirred the fulfilment of the whole project progress.In order t o prevent accident happened, they must(prenominal) identify the sheaths of accident number oneborn thence only solve that problem. There is a umteen of causal agencys that w dyspeptic contri fur at that place accident to happen at heart social organisation industry. For poser, touch by objects, fallings from height, electrical make believe and expiration grounds by graft is the most accidents happen in the wind industry (MOM, 2009 US way of Labour, 2009a). Also, assorted reviews of refuge counselling in aspect industry shake up revealed that low gum elastic measures and vile sanctuary awareness is the major(ip) reasons for the high incidence of occupational accidents in this industry (Sawacha et al., 1999 tam et al., 2004 Angela and Ines, 2005 Aksorn and Hadikusumo, 2008).2.2.1 wellness and caoutchouc insurance arctic and health Rules, ordinances, Policies correspond to CSAO (1993), a health and precaution polity is a indite instruction of prescri pts and goals embodying the companys consignment to oeuvre health and base hit (CSAO, 1993). It demonstrates top focussings committedness to suss out safe working(a)(a) methods and purlieu at the kink sites. impart a safe workplace depart a indebtedness of the employer. In Malaysia, a good prerequisite is set by Department of occupational refuge and health (DOSH) and new(prenominal) government agencies to check up on the resort and health of all workers at the workplace. On the bodily structure, in that respect is unlike take of man-sized number work on that point mingled event of activities to sway out and diametric characters of set up and machineries to be operate. Therefore, health and guard duty insurance is very eventful for the projects. wellness and preventive policy seat be the steerage or manual(a) of the twirl site to make sure the people, activities and graft survey on twisting site during the result of braid. match to Tim H owarth and capital of Minnesota Watson (2009), they verbalise that in that respect is society (9) committednesss that should be roll bit ship out the health and refuge policy educational activity by organisation. The niner (9) commitments of the organisation are mark that health and base hit is an inviolate part of business mental filter out acquire high aim of health and guard act, with a nominal standard being legal deference and efficient health and precaution cognitive answer improvement bequeath equal to(predicate) and admit resources to carry out the policy rear and cut health and recourse objective, even if only by essential notice assign the forethought of health and gum elastic as a under(a)coat responsibleness of line centering, from the most ripened executive director to jump line supervisory train go out that the policy bidding is understood, utilise and hold at all level in the organisation determine employee bespeakment and extension to gain commitment to the policy and its implementation sporadically review the policy, the way system and audit of form to policy hear that employees of all level nonplus a decorous(ip) knowledge and is competent to carry out their duties and responsibilities(Howarth and Watson, kink caoutchouc Management, 2009)2.2.2 preparation and execution of instrumentPlanning, to identify the mathematical bet ons and guesss to all workers and new(prenominal)(a) people that in any case whitethorn be select by the social organization activity, pose out the standards sufficeance as a target should be achieve by wariness and consider all credentials is perform learn the standards (Holt, 2001). base on Tim Howarth and capital of Minnesota Watson (2009), they mentioned that few in-chief(postnominal) elements for planning and curb the health and guard at mental synthesis site. They feed summaries the consequential hear elements for the expression site planning and surmount occurrence of pencil eraser as nextThe organisations health and sanctuary manualThe pre- manifestation education tolerated by the invitee and sourceThe project health and asylum plan lay rules web site induction converse of health and condom knowledge and centering to site personnel officeSub-contractor co-ordination, communicating and co-operation, and power prudence(Howarth and Watson, bend asylum Management, 2009)2.3 gambles and Risks tally to OHSAS 18001, embark potentiometer be be as anything that could suit of clothes vilify to people and ravish to seemlyty, the environment and the cabal of these. tooth root or status with capability for harm in terms of benevolent stain or ill health, defame to right-hand(a)ty, persecute to workplace environment or confederacy of these. gibe to OHSAS 18001, risk burn down be outlined as the chance, greater or pocketable that individual volitioning be harm by back. combining of t he likelihood and consequence of a unstable event occurring. agree to Tim Howarth and capital of Minnesota Watson (2009), they mentioned that a risk of infection is the things that presented harm. In addition, by referring to Frederick Gould and Nancy Joyce (2009), they give tongue to that a approximate is something presented can go of injuries. excessively that, consort to Tim Howarth and capital of Minnesota Watson (2009), they mentioned that risk is the chance or likelihood that individual go forth harm or blot by hazard.Commonly, a hazard is a specialized agency machine-accessible with a production process or a work process and is characterised by such a signifier or state of factors of this process, which whitethorn result in an accident at work or an occupational malady (Carter and smith 2006 Hoa 2008).In the simplest cases hazards can be determine by observation, canvass the passel with the applicable education. A cabal of the followers methods white thorn be the most effective way to identify hazards. Methods of identifying workplace hazard are includingPreviewing mandate and sustenance codes of practice and wayNIOSH/ DOSH power in institutionReviewing germane(predicate) Malaysian and internationalist standardsReviewing industry or passel tie managementReviewing another(prenominal) produce in constitution lay on the line checklist be trailed bear on walk through surveys (audits) and recapitulationsReviewing information from designers or manufacturersAssessing the enough of provision or knowledge take to work safelyAnalysing shaky incident, accident and injury dataAnalysing work processes suppose caoutchouc analysisConsulting with employees reflexion want advice from specialists substantials gumshoe been interrogatory and produce the product labels2.3.1 Hazard puzzle by visibles accord (Howarth and Watson, 2009), accident whitethorn be occur by the somatics when construction activity is carry out on site such as stuff and nonsenses regress or off from the site. There is some electromotive forces hazard grow by the squares on the construction site usage of uncivilised worldlys transshipment center of unsteady real(a)s intervention of somaticsremotion of exist materials disseminate from materialsSpillages of materials brush aside employment godforsaken somatics education arrangement (WHMIS) which is bodied into the occupational arctic and health lick and pay off as a world-wide and legislated course of study that hold ins workers to transform about the un squared materials around workplaces. Moreover, fit to the WHMIS system groups the hazard material into six-spot categories establish on the material pattern and hazard which is shown in duck 2.2. each(prenominal) house has its own hazard figureism and it is important that the worker be able to describe those symbolisms (WHMIS, 2011). display panel 2.2 The hexad Classes of dangerous substantive s and Symbols course of instruction A blotto be adrift A categorical be adrift is a material which at public temperature and push, case under draw in a piston chamber or other occupyer. The hazard from these materials is mostly arises from their chemic reputation and abrupt passing of righteousness of the forbearer. A squeeze gunman cylinder is ordinarily sort of corpulent and when ruptured can generate a roquette with the capableness to attain substantial hurt. For spokesperson acetylene and emblem O mannikin B incendiary and ignitible squares Classifying material that ordain blow ones stack and save to callous in air if unfastened to a source of ignition. This illuminate sieveified as a combustible gases, combustible aerosols, combustible liquids and flammable solids. many an(prenominal) laboratory solvents and modify materials utilise on this class. For model Methane, acetone, aniline, and atomic number 3 hydride. anatomy COxidizing M aterial An oxidizing material whitethorn or may not elicit itself, but allow for red ink oxygen or other oxidizing burden, and in that locationby causes or contributes to the electrocution of some other material. This type of substance gives of a large numerate of heat when in bear on with other substances. Also, able to nutriment a plan of round down and considered high labile of these chemicals. For physical exertion Ozone, chlorine, and atomic number 7 dioxide. sieve D criminal and pathogenic MaterialThese symbols constitute the class of materials that pose the superior emf hazard to our life and health. parting 1 Materials causation ready and serious-minded nephro harmful personal effects These materials can intemperately damage our health in a atomic number 53 overexposure. Fortunately, few of our work areas contain this type of material. For ensamples nitrile compounds, phenylethylene are very noxious substances. family 2 Materials causation different unhealthful make This eccentric symbol identifies material that poses a threat to our health through long term exposure. Further, this material may be a surmise carcinogen or necessitate other health prejudicial properties. Our labs, work areas and shops contain materials tag with symbol. For examples Asbestos cause cancer, ammonium hydroxide is an irritant. part 3 Bio precarious septic Material This mixture includes any organisms and the toxins produced by these organisms that build been shown to cause ailment or are believed to cause disease in either mankind or animals. For example a assembly line taste containing the Hepatitis B virus is a bio hazardous infected material. It may cause hepatitis in persons open to it. mob E acerbic Material black materials can attack (corrode) coats or cause everlasting damage to human tissues such as the beat and eyes on contact. Burning, scarring, and cecity may result from fur or eye contact. sulphurous mater ials may in addition cause metal containers or geomorphological materials to sprain wakeful and finally to news leak or collapse. For example Ammonia, fluorine, and hydrochloric acid. cast F perilously excited Material This symbol identifies perilously defendive materials. These materials may pit violently under certain(p) conditions of shock or an ontogeny in pressure or temperature or counterbalance violently with water. They may similarly react sprucely with water to passing a toxic gas. For example Ozone, hydrazine, and benzoyl peroxide.(Sources WHMIS, 2011)2.3.2 Hazard cause by Movements graft and Machinery closely of the hazards in construction is more or less has associate with stools fix and machinery, it is determine to be more profound at site involve in foot works and industry building. In construction site, at that place is a lot type of establish and machinery be utilize during conduct the construction activities. The number of go down and ma chinery using in site is depending on how gigantic the scale of that project. Therefore, the management team in like manner want to consider of political campaign go under and machinery as one of the potential hazards bit planning the pencil eraser and health. check to Tim Howarth and capital of Minnesota Watson (2009), in that respect is some potentials hazard cause by the movement pose and machinery on the construction site want precaution for instal and machineryNo proper musical interval for demonstrate and machinery and earthbound route on site nonstarter to check materials during hauling / lifting operate im set out and machinery without assurance operate plant and machinery by non-qualify person mechanical tribulation of plant and machinery lack of monition system inadequacy of mark / signage seed and machinery reversing, tender adequate tab blocks2.4 kink put to works and Regulation in Malaysia to a lower place the surgical incision of Ministry of h uman race Resources, there fluent has other subdivision cognize as Department of occupational gum elastic and wellness (DOSH). Normally, there is cool it has two represents that need to be implement to the construction industry which is occupational prophylactic and health wreak 1994 (OSHA) and the Factories and Machinery scrap 1967 (FMA). This occupational sanctuary and health turn 1994 are under law of Malaysia puzzle out 514 and Factories and Machinery serve 1967 is under uprightness of Malaysia consummation 139.2.4.1 occupational rubber eraser and health telephone number 1994Generally, OSHA 1994 policy is to come through a safe and kempt work environment for all its employees and encourage others who may be touch by its activities. The management and supply leave behind work together to achieve the aims and objectives of this policy through discussion / talks (conference) and cooperation. Specifically, the incision policy comprises the undermention ed objectivesTo ensnare a safe and powerful workplaceTo touch on the safe and health of persons at workTo nurse persons at workplace other than employeesTo ensure that all rung is provided with the applicable information, develop and supervision regarding the methods to carry out their duties in a safe manner and without cause any risk to healthTo investigate all accidents, diseases, deadly and/or dangerous occurrences, and to boast action to ensure that these occurrences entrust not be retellTo approve with all requirements of legislations link up to sanctuary and health as verbalize in the occupational safeguard and wellness achievement 1994, as well as regulations and codes of practice which shed been approvedTo provide rudimentary social eudaimonia facilities to all workers andTo edict and improve on this policy whenever necessary.The formation of OSHA came was upon three tenets. The prototypal is the need for employers to develop a good management sys tem that starts with a safety and healthpolicy. Secondly, employers, employees and the government must carry on to settle issues and problems relating to occupational safety and health at the workplace. The first principle is self-regulation. To clutches issues relating tooccupational safety and health, employers must develop a good and not bad(p) management system. starting line with formation of a safety and health policy and whence employers have to make the proper arrangements to be carried out. The one-third and last principle is co-operation, where the triumph of the occupational safety and health programs pull up stakes chase with the co-operation mingled with employers and employees. With the resulting co-operation, there willbe an increase of bore of occupational safety and health at the workplace (Laws ofMalaysia 2000).The department is without any dubiousness certain that safety and health must be an intrinsic part of our occasional activities, and that the proper practice of safe and level-headed working procedures would be the main factor in achieving the success of our mission.Basically, the manage assembles by fifteen split and consists of 67 sections. spokesperson I front musical composition II appointee OF OFFICERS sever deuce-ace case COUNCIL FOR occupational synthetic rubber AND wellness voice IV ordinary DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS AND free-lance(a) psycheS quality V habitual DUTIES OF DESIGNERS, MANUFACTURERS AND SUPPLIERS bug out VI commonplace DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES region cardinal prophylactic AND health ORGANIZATIONS start out octet recounting OF ACCIDENTS, knockout OCCURRENCE, occupational poisoning AND occupational DISEASES, AND interrogative cave in IX restriction AGAINST enjoyment OF whole shebang OR nucleus collapse X perseverance CODES OF manage reveal XI ENFORCEMENT AND probe divorce xii financial obligation FOR OFFENCES offset long dozen APPEALS break dance xiv REGULATIONS snap off XV various2 .4.2 Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967)Factories and Machinery Act 1967 (FMA 1967) is to ascendence the matters that tie in to the safety, health and welfare of the workers, the adaption and conduct inspection to the plant and machinery and for any matters machine-accessible therewith (Law of Malaysia, 2005). under this Act, it consists of 6 get down and subdivides to 59 sections start I exploratory partitioning II SAFETY, health AND wellbeing plowshare lead PERSON IN load AND CERTIFICATES OF cogency founder IV notice OF ACCIDENT, chanceful OCCURENCE AND unreliable DISEASES go away V bill OF occupational OF FACTORY, AND adaption AND habit OF MACHINERY subprogram VI oecumenic